The American War in Vietnam - 1012 Words

Dominos. One falls then they all fall. People spend hours to set them up, just to watch them all fall in the blink of an eye. This is similar to the theory of what the U.S. believed would happen if one country, Vietnam, was to fall to communism. This is what caused the war between North Vietnam the communist lead government and the anti-communist South (Encyclopedia Britannica1). How does a war relate to a game enjoyed by millions of people all over the world? Just like in a game of dominos, you set them up and watch them fall, the Vietnam War was the same. Vietnam and the countries surrounding it had worked very hard for independence, that they no longer cared how their government was run. But, the U.S. believed that if Vietnam became†¦show more content†¦The Peace accords took place in 1954, and are what ended the French rule, and temporarily divided the country, down the 17th parallel line, to separate the Viet Minh forces from what was left of the French forces. The peac e accords stated that Vietnam would reunite in 1956 after the elections for the new government were held. But, the elections did not happen because the U.S. and South Vietnam did not allow the elections to take place because they were made nervous when they realized that the Viet Minh leaders seemed popular and determined to win (Vietnam War1). And one final important event that changed the course of the Vietnam war occurred on March 29th 1973, when the last of the U.S. troops left, but North Vietnam and South Vietnam did not stop the war, and continued to fight, but the U.S. did not return as explained on CNN Library5. One of the atrocities that took place in this war had a lot to do with the Geurrilla force. The Guerrilla force began their terrorism and assassination of the South officials and functionaries in 1957. The guerrilla force fought through many different forms such as ambush attacks, terrorism, sabotage, night time attacks, harassing the government, police, and security forces with booby traps, mines, raids, kidnappings, and murders as found on Encyclopedia Britannica1. The impact on the civilians in this war was big. The citizans of Vietnam had to put up with this war for over 20 years. There were over 3Show MoreRelatedThe American Of The Vietnam War Essay1872 Words   |  8 PagesMany contemporary American artists address an extensive variety of themes significant to their adopted country while some focus on issues relevant to their country of origin like the subject of war . War has been considered as a major theme, and it’s reality is a great inspiration in writing and has created endless creativity for artists. In particular, the Vietnamese-American artist Dinh Q. Là ª often chooses the subject of the Vietnam war to express his thoughts, concerns, and the message of peaceRead MoreAmerican War And The Vietnam War Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesSecond World War and the Vietnam War, national unity in the United States and American patriotism began to disintegrate and morph as the nation progressed from the 1940s through the 1970s. During WWII, the United States military fought a foe that the American public, and the world alike, saw as an enemy to the human race, which caused Americans to unify in their efforts to fight in the battle. In contrast, US military actions in Vietnam were not fully backed by the American public or American allies,Read MoreThe American Of The Vietnam War1208 Words   |  5 PagesWhen Penn first sat down with me to tell me his story, he asked if anyone in my family had ever served in a war. I responded by telling him my father was a marine before I was born. â€Å"No, your father is a marine. Once you’re a marine, you’re always a marine,† Penn corrected. Gentle in his demeanor and free with his sense of humor, Penn went on to tell me his story as a veteran of the Vietnam War. Penn graduated from the University of St. Thomas with a degree in business in 1967. He initially tookRead MoreThe American War : The Vietnam War1379 Words   |  6 PagesConsider the Vietnam War, The Cold War, or even the Spanish-American War: it’s safe to assume that the mere mention of these wars evoke some feeling of recognition, whether it resurfaces a rather passionate opinion or an unwelcome flashback to U.S history class. The Philippine-American War illicites a much tamer response, unless, of course, you’re asking a Filipino or a history buff. In fact, the Philippine-American War is often times referred to as ‘The Forgotten War’ for that very reason. DespiteRead MoreVietnam War and American Culture1684 Words   |  7 Pages Vietnam Wars Impact on American Culture Donna Whittle DeVry University Introduction to Humanities I. Introduction and Thesis Statement In the 1960’s America went through many cultural changes. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist, delivered his famous, â€Å"I have a dream† speech. African Americans were fighting for peace, freedom and equality. The United States was involved in the Vietnam War, committed to anti-communism. African Americans were deployedRead MoreThe Vietnam War On American Society932 Words   |  4 Pagesaccentuating the growing success and power that Vietnam held. America was calm at first as they held the belief that Vietnam would serve as a barrier to communism. Unfortunately, when communism kept spreading, America panicked. American troops were sent into Vietnam and the citizens of America were lied to about the reason for the presence of the troops in Vietnam. The years 1964 to 1975 were characterized by the negative effects of the Vietnam war on American society and how they heightened social, politicalRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Vietnam War1561 Words   |  7 Pagesnever, never believe any war will be smooth and easy, or that anyone who embarks on the strange voyage can measure the tides and hurricanes he will encounter. The statesman who yields to war fever must realize that once the signal is given, he is no longer the master of policy but the slave of unforeseeable and uncontrollable events.† - Sir Winston Churchill. Throughout history, men have fought battles to protect and serve for their country. Some men become injured at war and others don t get toRead MoreAmerican History: The Vietnam War1670 Words   |  7 Pagesof the American Independent Party. The candidates did not know it at the time, but they would become part of the Presidential Election that would help shape American Politics to what they are today. The election of Richard Nixon in 1968 marked a turning point in the American political ideology, ultimately sparking a conservative revolution that would last the better part of the next 24 years. 1968 was one of the most chaotic and violent years in American history. The Vietnam War was beingRead MoreAmerican Involvement in the Vietnam War1078 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational affairs. In this particular case communism in Vietnam was the flame that leered American bugs in, not knowing that they would be brutally burned by communism in the end. From 1953 to 1961, all the initial decisions involving Vietnam were made by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who once served as the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe as well as the first Supreme Commander of NATO. Thus, Eisenhower was very knowledgeable about war issues and was prepared to tackle pending conflictsRead MoreAmerican Culture : The Vietnam War2157 Words   |  9 Pages1102 February 22, 2015 The Vietnam War On February 28th 1991 after the speedy 100-hour ground war against Iraqi troops, George W Bush proclaimed proudly: â€Å"By God, we’ve kicked the Vietnam Syndrome once and for all† The fall of Saigon had not marked the end of the Vietnam as Bush accurately conceded to the people, the repercussions of the war can still be seen today in American culture, it has sustained through the Vietnam veterans, as the basis for the support of anti-war precedencies, and morphed

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice Essay - 2236 Words

Alexander Pope, a great poet of the 18th century, once said, â€Å"Nothing so true as what you once let fall, most women have no characters at all matter too soft a lasting mark to bear, and best distinguish d by black, brown, or fair. In the 1800s, women were expected to look beautiful, act in a refined manner, and follow the expectations of her elders. They were not to speak their minds and pursue their own interests. This concept of conformity is highlighted in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice in which the majority of women lack individuality in their pursuit of marriage causing marriages to be based purely around self interest, money, or titles. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship is juxtaposed with numerous other loveless relationships to highlight the importance of a woman’s free thought and uniqueness in her search for a successful relationship. To begin, in looking at the relationship of Elizabeth and Darcy, one can see that Elizabeth is young women who fails to fall to the pressures placed on her by society through her feminist ideals. Elizabeth distinguishes herself from society in her ability to make decisions for herself, rather than the persuasions of her community. â€Å"She finds life more amusing than others do because she is superior in discernment and abilities. (Tave 21). Elizabeth’s intelligence allows her to choose a man to marry for the reason of love, rather than money or social status. Unlike many other women, ElizabethShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily requir ed with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a romantic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this finan cialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important criteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening arou nd her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

Accounting Theory and Contemporary Issues Assignment

Question: What is sustainability accounting and describethecost benefit. Answer: Definition of Sustainability Accounting Corporate sustainability is way of business that makes endurable shareholders worth by grasping prospects and overseeing dangers getting from monetary, natural and social advancement. Corporate sustainability pioneers accomplish long haul shareholders esteem by equipping their techniques and administration to strike-less the market's prospective for sustainability items and administrations whereas in the meantime effectively diminishing and evading sustainability expenses and dangers. Background: Sustainability reporting, or sustainability reporting, is wilful within Australia and includes organizations and associations exhibiting their corporate obligation by assessing and reporting on their financial, social and ecological execution and effects. It can be conveyed by means of the organization's yearly report, a separate sustainability report, an expansive business report or an ecological or social effect report. Sustainability and business might formerly have been a farfetched counterpart, yet this is no more the case. The time is currently, time to remain up and begin! However John Jackson is not convinced in this reporting. Purpose of the report The report would propose John, if the sustainability bookkeeping is fundamental or not and the way it believes captivating the representatives getting it done. It is there to learning-Should it be presented inside the bookkeeping practice? Should the bookkeeping practice think about implementing sustainability in its personal exercise? The rationale of sustainability bookkeeping is to assess the ecological, social and administration execution of organizations by a record of their administration of different manifestations of non-budgetary investment by Jonathan connected with sustainability natural, human and social and corporate administration issues, which they depend on for managed, long haul esteem making. At last, Jackson has to be informed that the objective of sustainability bookkeeping and revelation is to illuminate improvement of a coordinated business technique for corporate administration and survey sustainability dangers and opportunities intrinsic to venture choices. Sustainability accounting and exposure is expected like a supplement to budgetary bookkeeping, such that monetary data and sustainability data is capable of being assessed alongside and give a comprehensive perspective of a business's execution and worth formation, mutually money related and non-monetary, and over all types of funds (Kotlikoff and Burns, 2004). Scope Sustainability reporting is about coordinating material money related and non-monetary data in the direction of empowering financial specialists and different stakeholders to see the way an association is truly executing (Merton and Bodie, 1992). An sustainability report looks past the conventional time allotment and extent of the existing monetary report by tending to the more extensive and also more term results of choices for John and activity and by building apparent the connection in the middle of money related and non-budgetary worth. It is imperative that an sustainability report exhibits the connection among an association's procedure, administration and plan of action. Research methods Instead of just depending on generally accepted accounting principles like the main estimation system, Bedford required the improvement of new instruments to give administration and choices creators with helpful data: (a) An extension of the extent of clients as of shareholders, lenders, supervisors and the overall population, to gatherings of stakeholders; (b) An extension of the extent of clients as of assessing financial advancement, to accommodating intercompany synchronization, fulfilling particular client data requirements and creating open trust in business exercises; (c) An extension of the kind of data from exchange-based money related valuations, to information meaning to uncover both inside exercises and the ecological setting of the inner exercises; (d) An extension of estimation systems as of number juggling and the accounting framework to the aggregate administration science territory; (e) An extension of the nature of revelation from phenomenal as far as precedent necessities to enhanced significance for particular choices; (f) A development of exposure gadgets from ordinary finances. Cost-benefit on using sustainability accounting Cost-benefit is an indispensable ingredient of the SASB (SUSTAINABILITY ACCOUNTING STANDARDS BOARD) principles. While lawful models have exposed, the SEC have got to deposit a transformed focal point on cost-benefit study like a major litmus check for extended revelation needs. Cost benefit is considered amid the benchmarks advancement procedure while recognizing bookkeeping measurements for material sustainability problems. In creating this kind of measurements, SASB will evade to the base data that is yet choice valuable (i.e., it introduces a virtual perspective of execution by which companions can be looked at), instead of a comprehensive bookkeeping that might be vital for open approach-or government target-laying. SASB is apprehensive of separating execution in the middle of guarantors and commercial enterprises, not with giving a logically exact and complete bookkeeping, for administrative purposes. The SASB will carry out a cost-benefit examination of the principles utilizing the essential components of a decent administrative financial investigation laid out in the SEC's existing supervision on Economic Analysis in SEC law-makings: 1. An announcement of the requirement for the anticipated activity; 2. The meaning of a benchmark in opposition to which to gauge the feasible monetary results of the anticipated regulation; 3. The ID of optional administrative methodologies; and 4. An assessment of the benefits and costsmutually quantitative and subjective of the anticipated activity and the principle choices recognized by the investigation. As a major aspect of this examination, thought will be certain to the way that organizations are as of now needed, by law, to reveal material sustainability data and that they as of now uncover a lot of sustainability data in different structures, together with SEC filings, yearly reports in addition to sustainability reports. Furthermore, to the degree that divulgence of SASB data speaks to an additional cost, it is a cost of lawful consistence. In that connection, the SASB principles reflect to an additional cost compelling path for organizations to correspond with financial specialists on material sustainability data. On the cost-region, SASB for Jonathan will think about a cluster of contemplations together with: costs to organizations for get-together, reporting, and evaluating data, and its incorporation in Form 10-K and other SEC documentations; and the costs of related inner controls and preparing. On the benefit region, SASB will think about the cost investment funds to organizations of further modernized industry- particular revelation and more successful correspondence with financial specialists on material issues, and in addition execution upgrades on ESG concerns that interpret into functioning and budgetary execution and expanded allure to the wealth markets. Benefits to speculators will likewise be viewed as, together with promptly accessible, choice valuable data that empowers distributed organization correlation of sustainability execution, a comprehensive examination of monetary and sustainability execution, and an appraisal of sustainability dangers and prospects in expanded portfolios. Arguments against use of sustainability accounting Assured conspicuous sustainability issues, for example, environmental transform, water exercise, human resources, and political commitment, produce extraordinary enthusiasm from people in general, government organizations, or speculators who require comprehending the total impact of business on a particular issue so as to focus extremist activities, government programs, venture technique, or portfolio designation. By its industry centre, SASB deliberately evaluates the materiality of these problems, seeing how these concerns particularly and interestingly affect, or are affected by, trade in every one of the 10 parts and 88 commercial enterprises for which it creates norms. Then again, SASB won't, as an issue of rule, deliberately incorporate certain sustainability issues in the revelation standard for all commercial enterprises. Rather, SASB will efficiently survey the materiality of these issues, seeing the way they particularly and remarkably affect, or are affected by, business in each of the 10 parts and 88 commercial ventures for which it creates principles. At last, SASB will guarantee that any systemic sustainability issue included in the standard meets the meaning of materiality in Section 2. This methodology adjusts the expansive financial specialist and societal enthusiasm for exposure on systemic sustainability issues with the production of sustainability norms restricted to issues that are material in their particular industry. SASB takes after a thorough methodology to evaluate the particular effect of systemic sustainability issues for each of the 88 businesses, including: 1. defining the sorts of effect of systemic sustainability issues on organizations' monetary or budgetary execution (e.g., for environmental change, the probability of valuing of green house gases. 2. emissions or costs connected with adjustment) Based on the kind of effect, characterizing attributes of commercial ventures influenced by the issue (e.g., expansive immediate emitters for green house gases outflows or operations effortlessly upset by climate occasion for adjustment) To guarantee inside consistency, cross-cutting sustainability issues will be treated with a steady (however not so much uniform) approach. While the SASB won't be compelled to use a typical execution pointer to the detriment of a more suitable industry-particular marker, reliable treatment of comparative issues and comparable bookkeeping measurements will be supported wherever conceivable. Assumptions Generally as truth and decency are inseparably connected to unwavering quality, sustainability bookkeeping data must display the subjective qualities of straightforwardness and likeness in a pertinent sustainability connection to empower stakeholder, such as John to survey the ecological and social effect of the association (Lamberton, 2005). The theory behind the execution of the GRI Guidelines is that the created pointers, incorporated in reports regarding the Principles, ought to offer a solid prospect of getting away from the issues of story and uniqueness that have influenced the reporting of ecological and social effects. Despite the fact that much significant data stays unquantifiable, institutionalized reporting encourages efficient between firm and between fleeting correlations (Graham Woods, 2006). Discussion Consenting to applicable bookkeeping standards must be clearly checked up in the monetary articulations, while the sustainability affirming individual has yet the GRI Principles and subjective attributes to report upon. These days there are a current that exact that this standards: We materiality, sustainability connection, and culmination and subjective attributes: offset, convenience, exactness, clarity, similarity and dependability are ambiguously characterized and give extensive motivating forces to managerial circumspection. (Voicu D., 2009) Audit's motivation and instruments are required just for the individual whom confirms a circumstance which may change believability in the accumulation and translation of proof. A late set of investigations (Kolk, 2004) of check articulations included in sustainability reports have demonstrated that the audit task had shifted generally in substance and extension, running from affirmation on information combining, information era at the neighbourhood level, culmination of the issues secured, inside consistence with arrangements, consistency with the information in the budgetary report, to the sufficiency of organizations' data on ecological administration frameworks. Of the audit proclamations 40% contained subjective wordings, which were not completely focused around the work performed. Along these lines, the very actuality that a partners report has been audited does not infer that its information and all its substance have been checked completely and are completely dependable. Should the accounting practice consider adopting sustainability in its own practice The regular objective of the two entwined calculated truths is forcing a train that goes past legitimate consistence (Buhmann, 2006). Straightforwardness and responsibility are commonly fortifying. Straightforwardness for the business upgrades responsibility of John by encouraging observing, and responsibility improves straightforwardness by giving a motivating force to operators to guarantee that the explanation behind their activities are appropriately scattered and comprehended (Dragomir, 2008). The procedure of revealing particular parts of unsustainability, with a nitty gritty presentation of its causes and thought of option ways could demonstrate a huge and cathartic experience (Lamberton, 2005: 7). Experimental confirmation supporting these declarations has demonstrated the presence of a positive relationship between ecological execution and the level of optional revelations in natural and social reports (Greuning, 2006). As such, unrivalled ecological entertainers are all the more imminent in really optional exposure channels, as anticipated by financial matters based intentional revelation speculations (Clarkson et al., 2007). There are various explanations behind not reporting by John Jackson; among them, the questions about the favourable circumstances it may bring, the officially great notoriety of the organization, the cost-benefit contemplations, or the trouble to accumulate predictable information are the absolute most unmistakable (Kolk, 2004). Notwithstanding, when Jonathan does decided to write about sustainability, the most noticeably awful situation generally includes key exposure. Numerous creators like John Jackson have communicated worry that reporting methods have ended up inclined to 'managerial catch' in that corporate administration has taken control of the whole methodology of reporting (Hess, 2005), in this manner bringing about data dispersed just when regarded fitting to gather reputational benefits, instead of looking for genuine straightforwardness and responsibility to stakeholders (O'dwyer Owen, 2005). Sustainability accounting and ways it links in with the work undertaken by the firm at present Sustainability Accounting is a device utilized by the firms to turn out to be further sustainable. The generally recognized broadly utilized dimensions are the Corporate Sustainability Reporting and the triple bottom line accounting. These identify the responsibility of financial information and demonstrate how conventional accountingis comprehensive by getting better lucidity and accountability by coverage on the Triple-P's. It is recommended for John that the procurement of free confirmation led by gatherings or people outside to the association who are evidently 1. capable in both the topic and affirmation rehearses; 2. Utilizes gatherings or people to direct the certification who are not unduly restricted by their association with the association or its stakeholders to achieve and distribute an autonomous and fair-minded conclusion on the report; 3. Assesses the degree to which the report preparer has connected the GRI Reporting Framework (counting the Reporting Principles) over the span of arriving at its decisions; and 4. Results in a notion or set of conclusions that is openly accessible in composed structure, and an announcement from the affirmation supplier on their relationship to the report preparer (Ballou et al., 2006). Sustainability can enhance the budgetary main concern It is not a cost trouble Climate change has created impressive level headed discussion from those pushing activity to those denying an issue exists yet from a business point of view a realistic methodology is more helpful. As opposed to seeing practical business hones as a trouble, it is considerably more profitable to see them as a business opportunity and 'danger reducer'. From a monetary perspective, sustainability can lower potential hazard as well as extensively enhance the money related primary concern. Receive sustainability reporting Sustainability reporting is about joining money related data (as in "conventional" yearly reports) and non-budgetary data (e.g. sustainability execution measurements) so that speculators and different stakeholders can survey the hidden wellbeing of the association. A sustainability report looks past the customary time span and extent of monetary reports by tending to the more extensive and more term outcomes of business choices and by making clear the connection in the middle of money related and non-budgetary quality. The structure intends to give clients a superior understanding of an association's key quality drivers, its plan of action, its dangers and opportunities and in addition the soundness of its assets and connections to drive methodology over the short, medium and long haul. An sustainability report exhibits the connections between an association's procedure, administration and plan of action. To Apply the Sustainability accounting with other accounting practices the business can make the accompanying moves to guarantee they have the essential skill to offer a sustainability administration and In order to Offer a Sustainability Service: Construct organizations The business ought to create coordinated effort with neighbourhood natural sustainability specialists keeping in mind the end goal to increase nearby get to dependable information. Addition encounter This starts in the business's own particular business. Professionals ought to audit the ecological sustainability they could call their own business and afterward utilize that profitable experience to have adjusted, significant discussions, based on certified experience, with their customers. Look for data Practitioners ought to acclimate themselves with data sources that they could prescribe to others or utilization to increase their own particular learning. Formalize responsibility Where suitable, professionals ought to formalize their dedication to offering natural sustainability exhortation through advertising and mindfulness bringing up in bulletins, their documentation, and site. Eventually, offering a sustainability administration can help the firm both increase the value of the administrations they offer and help their customers/executives enhance the way they maintain their organizations. Applying the same standards to the practice itself can help bookkeepers enhance the way they maintain their own particular organizations too. Ways to engage employees in the program and to provide them with examples of best accounting practices Bookkeepers working in this business can help their head honchos at every turn, on the expenses/advantages of behavioral changes went for lessening waste, to interest in new supplies and interchange wellsprings of vitality, to creating an extensive ecological administration framework (EAF). Nonetheless, the business may fail to offer the ability to do this without outside help. They will probably look for the assistance of somebody they believe their bookkeeper, conceivably producing new income open doors for the business. In any case first the firm needs to realize that they can expect aid of this nature from their bookkeepers. Given that the business is quick to understand the monetary profits of embracing more sustainable practices, a beginning stage for the business may be to offer to help their customers execute the arrangement do-check-act system for the control and ceaseless change of methods and items. This warning administration could incorporate enhancing business opportunities and making efficiencies, distinguishing the dangers to money stream that social, monetary, and ecological change will present, and guaranteeing that customers or head honchos exploit the expense decreases, minimize any expense builds, and boost the potential income by receiving business systems that recognize and location those sustainability issues that are most applicable to their specific business circumstances. References 1. Ballou, B., Heitger, D. L., Landes, C. E., Adams, M. (2006) The Future of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Journal of Accountancy, 202(6), pp. 65-74. 2. Buhmann, K. (2006) Corporate social responsibility: what role for law? Some aspects of law and CSR Corporate Governance, 2(6), pp. 188-202. 3. Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson, G. D., Vasvari, F. P. (2007) Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis Accounting, Organizations and Society, doi:10.1016/j.aos.2007.05.003. 4. Dragomir, V. (2008) Eco-management and the paradigm of self-regulation Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 7(4) 5. Graham, D., Woods, N. (2006) Making Corporate Self-Regulation Effective in Developing Countries. World Development, 34(5), pp. 868-883. 6. Greuning, H. v. (2006) International Financial Reporting Standards. A Practical Guide (4th edition ed.) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank 7. Hess, D. W. (2005) Social Reporting and New Governance Regulation: The Prospects of Achieving Corporate Accountability through Transparency Available at SSRN: 8. Igalens, J. (2006) Institutional Acceptance of Corporate Social Responsibility, In Allouche, J. (Ed.), Corporate Social Responsibility Volume 1: Concepts, Accountability and Reporting (pp. 317332), Palgrave Macmillan, New York 9. Kolk, A. (2004) A decade of sustainability reporting: developments and significance International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 3(1), pp. 51-64. 10. Kotlikoff, L.J. and S. Burns (2004). The Coming Generational Storm. Cambridge: MITPress, 11. Merton, R.C., Bodie, Z. (1992) On the Management of Financial Guarantees. Financial Management 21, 87-109. 12. O'Dwyer, B., Owen, D. L. (2005) Assurance statement practice in environmental, social and sustainability reporting: a critical evaluation The British Accounting Review, 37, pp. 205-229. Voicu D., (2009) A Conceptual Framework for Sustainability Reporting: A Case Study of the Global Reporting Initiative, The International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability pp.149-164.

Business Performance of Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Business Performance of Leadership. Answer: Introduction Choi and Kim (2014) opined that leadership is the capability of the management of a company to make vital decisions, inspire as well as motivate others to perform their work in the workplace. Effective leaders can set as well as achieve challenging goals, take decisions at difficult situations, calculate the risks as well as persist in the face of failure. The characteristics of a good leader are to manage the workplace, have communication skills as well as self-confidence. However, the IT leaders are different from other leaders. Loveridge (2014) argued that the IT leadership is the group of the senior executives those are responsible for implementing an IT infrastructure as well as applications that can drive the IT business strategies. The report is based on the leadership in the IT business of Australia and its importance for the business. The selected organization for this report is Melbourne IT. It reflects on the impact of the leadership on the success of the IT business. Leadership style is also discussed in this report for the IT leader. As the business is based on Information Technology, therefore the leader face IT challenges in their business, and respective solutions are also given. Impact of leadership on the success of the IT business Australian IT businesses are facing innovation shortfalls and failure in the development of the leadership programs. The selected IT business for the report is Melbourne IT and as the leader of the business, different leadership functions are conducted. Melbourne IT is an Australian Internet company with its primary business is the registration of the domain name. This IT business also provides the web as well as email hosting services as well as online marketing services to the Australian population (Melbourneit.com.au 2015). When it comes to achieving business success, most of the leaders of the organization think of a strategy which most of the business comes up with. The following are some of the quality traits that should be there within a good leader who leads an IT business organization: Character: The leader requires to be trusted as well as known to live their life with honesty (Katsos and Fort 2016). As in the current era, technology becomes the most vital needs of the population; therefore, the leaders should do the delivery of the IT services from respect for the good character as well as trustworthiness of the person who leads the business. Communicate: In order to reach new benchmarks of achievement, it is required an art of clear communication (Anvari et al. 2014). With good communication skills, the leaders are also required good listening skills that help to drive results and hear to the employees. As a leader of the organization, it is the responsibility to respond to the employees concern and questions. Direction: The leader can work to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. As a leader of an IT business organization, the leader can create impressive change within the organization as the use of technology changes day-by-day (Harney 2016). The leader can act according to the needs and requirements of their customers and provides with better IT service delivery. Optimistic: The leaders are the source of the positive energy. They are helpful as well as concern for others welfare (Almog-Bareket 2012). In order to avoid personal criticism, they start to gain the consensus of the employees to work effectively as team members. Honesty: The leader should be ethical, believable; honesty as well as reliability forms the foundation of the business success (Marco and John 2013). In order to avoid conflicts, the leader shares information openly to the employees. Leadership Style in an IT leader Transformational Leadership Style An IT leader encompasses of two various types of leadership styles such as transformational as well as transactional. The transformational leadership inspires the followers by raising consciousness about the specified values and motivates the followers in order to address the high level of personal needs (Minavand 2013). As this particular report is based on an IT business organization, Melbourne IT, therefore this style of leadership plays an important role as the leader works with the subordinates in order to identify the required changes and create an organizational vision in order to guide changes through inspiration. As a transformational leadership style, the leader is focused on increasing the effectiveness of the organization. This style of leadership stresses that the leader understands as well as adapts to the followers motives as well as requirements (Brandt and Uusi-Kakkuri 2016). An IT leader has the responsibility to achieve good role models who can empower the staff me mbers in order to achieve higher standards. In the last few years, many transformational changes are taken place in technology. As for example, the development of computing technology by Apple, Intel was the transformational events that are taken place. Steve Jobs, the co-founder of Apple transformed their business processes through the software applications as well as high-speed microprocessors. At Apple, Steve Jobs is seen as a leader who has an idealistic vision to provide computers as a tool to change the world (Davenport 2014). Jobs were passionate about the company as well as enthusiastic about the announcements of products. Figure 1: Transformational Leadership Style (Source: Minavand 2013, pp-47) Transactional Leadership Style Apart from this leadership style, another type of style is transactional leadership that focuses on the exchange, which occurs between the leaders as well as followers. The leader can have a concern with maintaining the normal flow of the business operations (Minelle 2014). Disciplinary powers, as well as an array of incentives, are used to motivate the employees to work. This style of leadership conforms to the existing structure of the IT business as well as measures success as per the organizational system of rewards as well as penalties (Antonakis and House 2014). Performance review is required to judge the performance of the employee. Steve Jobs also acts a transactional leader who directs their efforts through tasks as well as structures. Steve influenced the employees for a strong desire to work, shared their passion with the staffs as well as provided with the organizational vision (Moors 2012). The leadership style of Steve Jobs is desired to create great products that would give enjoy to the clients by using it rather than the products that bring profit to Apple. Figure 2: Characteristics of Transactional Leadership Style (Source: Minelle 2014, pp-47) Both this style of leadership is required to guide the Melbourne IT to success. The transactional leader provides with an ability to address small operational details that on the other hand, the transformational leader is crucial to the strategic development of the business. Apart from this, the transactional approach features both positive as well as negative enforcement while the transformational leadership features both motivation as well as inspiration (Salovaara and Bathurst 2016). Transactional leadership appeals to the self-interest of the individuals, and transformational leadership focuses on the group progress. Challenges that IT leader is facing There are various challenges that the IT leaders are facing in Melbourne IT business organization: Rate and pace of change: According to Moore's law, the doubling of the speed of the computer processing takes place every 18 months. It is one of the manifestations of the technological trend that all the changes occur at exponential rates (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). Due to the exponential rate of change in the technology, the IT leader is also making changes according to the business requirements. This rapid change in the business affects the leadership quality. Complexity in the integration of the system: Sometimes, change in the system becomes complex. Therefore, the leader is not able to cope up with the complex situation, and it affects their responsibility as a leader (Brandt and Uusi-Kakkuri 2016). Due to rapid change in the technology, the IT department of the company requires changing their IT infrastructure in order to meet the requirements of their clients. Ongoing pressure to cut the cost: Due to rapid change in the technology, the implementation of the new system requires more cost and budget. Therefore, it becomes a vital task for the leader to implement the new system within the estimated budget. The threat to cyber security: Cyber attack is the most vital concern for the IT leader as there is a high risk of threat of hacking of the information from the database system (Ali Shurbagi 2014). The main function of the IT leader is to give high-security measures to the client's information so that any third party person cannot access it. Solutions to the IT challenges for the leader In order to exploit the technology as well as information is fast becoming a prerequisite for the leadership programs. The IT leaders must help the company to value their business as possible from the technology (Sethuraman and Suresh 2014). The following are the solutions that the leader should follow to have a great role in technology decisions and cope up with IT challenges as: Information Technology Leadership Development Program: It is one of the best solutions for the IT leader to change their character according to the change in technology (Antonakis and House 2014). This program takes the IT leader in the IT application management, operations, technical services as well as IT planning for Melbourne IT. The development program gives a full-time position to the leader with benefits as well as design in order to create a sustainable career path with Melbourne IT. The building of strategic IT leadership skills: A strong IT leaders can create a clear vision for the future, a design of the competitive strategy for the business; create an agile as well as flexible culture for Melbourne IT. Consultation with the IT business analyst to develop a new existing system for the business: Due to change in the technology, the business leader can develop and implement a new legacy system for their organization with the help of the IT business analyst (Salovaara and Bathurst 2016). With consulting their ideas with the analyst, they can implement such a system that should be beneficial for the organization in the future. Take the ownership of information: The vital part of managing the information technology is to manage the data quality as well as accessibility (Marco and John 2013). The IT business leader is responsible for the usability of the data gathered as well as stored in the technology and service. The IT providers should have required integration capabilities, but the leader does managing the information. Improve the technology vendor management capabilities: Technology vendors can double contract value when they are circumventing to the IT. The IT business leaders can also look in order to corporate IT for guidance as well as support with the vendor negotiations (Antonakis and House 2014). One of the techniques to nudge in this direction is to measure the effectiveness of the vendor management as well as negotiations. Conclusion It is concluded that the IT leader must be self-achiever, and they are motivated to become a proactive leader. Rapid change in the technology produces a chaos situation of the leader, and they must be ready to cope up with the technological change. In this report, two types of leaders are used such as a transactional style of leaders such as they used to motivate through the system of rewards as well as penalties. The managers use this style and it is focused on the basic management process to control, organize as well as do short-term planning. The leader can act as indicated by the necessities and prerequisites of their clients and offers with better IT administration delivery. 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